What are the exceptions to product liability?

While product liability generally holds manufacturers, distributors, and sellers responsible for defective products, there are several exceptions and defenses that may limit or exempt liability in certain situations.

The specific exceptions can vary depending on jurisdiction, but some common ones include:

1. Assumption of Risk:

   • If the consumer was aware of the potential risks associated with using the product and still chose to use it, they might not be able to hold the manufacturer liable.

2. Product Misuse:

   • If the injury resulted from using the product in a way that was not intended or recommended by the manufacturer, it might be considered misuse. In such cases, the manufacturer may not be held responsible.

3. Contributory or Comparative Negligence:

   • If the consumer’s actions contributed to the injury, some jurisdictions apply principles of contributory or comparative negligence, reducing the manufacturer’s liability proportionally.

4. Statute of Limitations:

   • There is a limited period during which a lawsuit can be filed after the discovery of a product defect or injury. Failing to file within this timeframe may result in the claim being barred by the statute of limitations.

5. Government Contractor Defense:

   • In cases involving products developed for the government, contractors may be shielded from liability if they can prove they followed government specifications.

6. Learned Intermediary Doctrine:

   • This defense is often applied in cases involving prescription drugs or medical devices. It asserts that the manufacturer’s duty is fulfilled by providing information to a learned intermediary (such as a doctor) who then communicates the risks to the end user.

7. State of the Art Defense:

   • Some jurisdictions recognize the state of the art defense, which asserts that a manufacturer cannot be held liable for failing to include safety features that were not technologically feasible or commonly known at the time the product was made.

8. Bulk Supplier Doctrine:

   • Some jurisdictions recognize the bulk supplier doctrine, which limits the liability of suppliers of raw materials or component parts when they are not involved in the design or manufacturing of the final product.
     
     

It’s important to note that the applicability of these exceptions may vary, and legal advice should be sought to determine their relevance in a specific case or jurisdiction.